Which of the following can lead to a shift in the short run aggregate supply curve?

A shift in the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve is primarily influenced by factors that affect production costs or the availability of resources in the economy. Weather events are a prime example of this. Such events can disrupt agricultural output, manufacturing processes, and supply chains, causing a sudden change in the quantity of goods and services that firms are able to produce at any given price level. This disruption can lead to an increase in production costs or a decrease in the availability of key inputs, thus shifting the SRAS curve to the left.

In contrast, changes in consumer preferences pertain more to aggregate demand rather than supply. While shifts in consumer preferences can change the overall demand for goods and services, they do not directly affect the costs or productivity of production in the short run.

Changes in government policy can affect aggregate supply but often take longer to implement and influence the economy through regulations, taxes, and various incentives. These can be seen more as long-term impacts that don't necessarily cause an immediate shift in the short-run supply curve.

Long-term economic trends generally encompass more gradual changes in factors such as technology and resource availability, which do not result in immediate shifts of the SRAS but rather affect the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) as they contribute to